Full Timeline:
- February 18, 1564: ·Birth of Galileo Galilei in the Tuscan city of Pisa
- 1574: ·Galilei family moves to Florence
- Summer 1581: ·Galileo enrolls in the University of Pisa to pursue a degree in medicine
- 1585: ·Galileo leaves the University of Pisa without having obtained a degree
- Summer 1589: ·Galileo hired as a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Pisa
- 1589-1592: ·Galileo teaches in Pisa, and reportedly makes his famous velocity experiment, dropping objects off the leaning tower to disprove Aristotle's theory that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones
- Autumn 1592: ·Galileo takes post at the University of Padua
- 1600: ·Galileo's first daughter, Virginia, born in Padua
- 1601: ·Galileo's second daughter born
- 1604: ·Appearance of Kepler's Nova in the sky; Galileo debates its significance with conservative scholars.
- 1606: ·Birth of Galileo's third child, a son
- Summer 1609: ·News of the invention of the telescope reaches Italy; Galileo develops his own device in August.
- Autumn 1609: ·Galileo makes his first observations using his telescope, discovers uneven surface of the moon.
- January 1610: ·Galileo discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter
- March 1610: ·Publication of Sidereus Nuncius, dedicated to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo II
- June 1610: ·Galileo leaves Padua to take a new, more lucrative position in Tuscany
- Spring 1611: ·Galileo travels to Rome, where he is cordially received by the Jesuit astronomers and Pope Paul V
- December 1614: ·Father Tommasso Caccini attacks Galileo in sermon in Florence, and later denounces him to the Inquisition
- December 1615: ·Galileo goes to Rome
- March 1615: ·Papal commission issues edict against Copernican theory; Cardinal Bellarmine orders Galileo to cease in his support of heliocentricity
- June 1615: ·Galileo leaves Rome
- September 1621: ·Death of Cardinal Bellarmine
- June 1623: ·Urban VIII becomes Pope; Galileo visits him in Rome
- October 1623: ·Galileo's treatise on comets, The Assayer, is published with Urban VIII's blessing
- 1624-1629: ·Galileo works on his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems from his home outside Florence
- February 1632: · Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems published in Florence, with tentative Papal approval
- August 1632: ·Inquisition bans further printing of the Dialogue
- September 23, 1632: ·Galileo summoned to Rome
- February 13, 1633: ·Galileo arrives in Rome
- April 12, 1633: ·Galileo interrogated for the first time. Afterwards, he is imprisoned in the Vatican for three weeks.
- April 30, 1633: ·Galileo interrogated again, and allowed to return to the home of the Tuscan ambassador
- May 10, 1633: ·Third interrogation; Galileo begs for mercy.
- June 21, 1633: ·Final interrogation. The following day, Galileo is officially charged with heresy; he is forced to confess his errors, renounce the Copernican system, and accept the Church's judgment. He is sentenced to imprisonment "for a period determinable at our pleasure."
- December 1633: ·Galileo is allowed to return to the village of Arcetri, outside Florence, where he lives under house arrest
- April 2, 1634: ·Death of Virginia, now Sister Maria Celeste.
- 1637: ·Galileo's eyesight begins to fail.
- 1638: ·Galileo's Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences is published in Holland. John Milton visits Galileo in Arcetri.